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Borage seed oil (Borago officinalis)

Synonyms/Common Names/Related Substances:

  • Borage, borage oil, Borago officinalis, borage seed, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), Glandol®, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, starflower, starflower oil.
  • Combination product (example): Oxepa® (maltodextrin, medium-chain triglycerides, borage oil, refined and deodorized fish oil).

Clinical Bottom Line/Effectiveness

Brief Background:

  • Borage (Borago officinalis) is an herb native to Syria that has spread throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean. Borage flowers and leaves may be eaten, and borage seeds are often pressed to produce oil very high in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). According to a retrospective review of more than 2,000 supplement and medication records for elderly Americans (60-99 years), borage is one of the most popular herbs among elderly women (1). Borage is popularly used for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menopausal symptoms. Borage is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, which is why it has been studied in clinical trials for conditions such as periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. Although borage shows promise for periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis, use in asthma does not seem as hopeful.
  • Although one meta-analysis has identified borage as unsafe, borage did not cause any adverse effects in two clinical trials (2;​3;​4).
  • There are two case reports of accidental poisoning after people confused Digitalis purpurea leaves for borage leaves (5;​6).

Dosing/Toxicology

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Precautions/Contraindications

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Interactions

Most herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested for interactions with other herbs, supplements, drugs, or foods. The interactions listed below are based on reports in scientific publications, laboratory experiments, or traditional use. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy.

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Mechanism of Action

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History

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Evidence Table

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Evidence Discussion

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Products Studied

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Author Information

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References

Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.

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The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.